9.12 Particular Rights-Fourth Amendment-Unreasonable Search-Generally refers to the right of individuals to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures. This right is guaranteed by the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution. Generally, the government is not allowed to conduct a search of a person's property without a valid search warrant or probable cause. This prohibition applies to all government entities, including law enforcement, courts, legislatures, and administrative agencies. Exceptions to this general rule include searches conducted in public places, searches conducted in emergency situations, and searches conducted pursuant to a valid search warrant.