A Motion for Additional Peremptory Challenges is a written request submitted to the court, seeking permission for the defense to have extra peremptory challenges during jury selection. This legal form is essential in ensuring a fair trial, particularly in cases where there may be concerns about bias or improper exclusion of jurors based on race or other legally recognized groups. This form differs from standard motion forms as it specifically addresses the need for additional challenges to combat potential jury bias.
This form should be used when a defendant anticipates that the jury selection process may be conducted in a biased manner, particularly in capital cases or situations where there is a risk of racial or social prejudice. It is crucial in ensuring that a defendant has adequate opportunities to ensure a fair and impartial jury, especially in jurisdictions where historical injustices may arise during jury selection.
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In California, for most cases the number of peremptory challenges available to each lawyer is ten so long as there is one defendant. For death penalty or life imprisonment cases where a single defendant is involved, each attorney is permitted 20 peremptory challenges.
A party may challenge an unlimited number of prospective jurors for cause. Parties also may exercise a limited number of peremptory challenges. These challenges permit a party to remove a prospective juror without giving a reason for the removal. Peremptory challenges provide a more impartial and better qualified jury.
A peremptory challenge results in the exclusion of a potential juror without the need for any reason or explanation - unless the opposing party presents a prima facie argument that this challenge was used to discriminate on the basis of race, ethnicity, or sex. See Batson challenge.
A peremptory challenge can be a major part of voir dire. A peremptory challenge also allows attorneys to veto a potential juror on a "hunch". The idea behind peremptory challenges is that if both parties have contributed in the configuration of the jury, they will find its verdict more acceptable.
Each attorney is allowed between six and twenty peremptory challenges, depending on the alleged offenses. There is an important point to address with respect to peremptory challenges. An attorney may not excuse prospective jurors based on their race, religion, ethnicity, etc.
California currently permits a party in a civil case six (6) peremptory challenges, and 10 in non-capital criminal cases.
In federal criminal trials, the number of peremptory challenges allowed is ten for the defendant and six for the prosecution in a felony case, 20 for each side in a death penalty case, and three for each side in a misdemeanor case (Fed. R. Crim. P.
Since an attorney is permitted an unlimited number of challenges for cause, lawyers prefer to use a challenge for cause because it allows the attorney to preserve the limited amount of peremptory challenges.