West Virginia Carbon Dioxide Storage Lease
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FAQ
The Appalachian Basin, which includes West Virginia, can store approximately 20 metric gigatons of carbon dioxide. The forests and urban trees in West Virginia remove 16 percent of all carbon dioxide emissions in the state, and 14 percent of all carbon emissions in the U.S.
When CO2 encounters the brine present in the porous rock, CO2 will dissolve into the brine. As the brine containing dissolved CO2 is denser than the surrounding fluids (i.e., brine without dissolved CO2), it will sink to the bottom of the rock formation over time.
The representative cost of storage ranges from $5 per ton CO2 in depleted oil and gas fields located onshore, to $18 ton?1 CO2 in an offshore saline reservoir. Onshore saline reservoirs store CO2 at a cost of $6 ton?1 CO2. Our study area did not contain depleted oil and gas fields offshore.
Carbon capture and storage (CCS) costs depend on the process type, capture technology, carbon dioxide (CO2) transport, and storage location. CO2 capture costs are projected to range from CAD 27?48/tCO2 for processes with concentrated CO2 streams to CAD 50?150/tCO2 for diluted gas streams.
CO2 transport and storage costs vary regionally. Key variabilities are distance, scale, monitoring, geology, and pipeline costs. We find CO2 transport and storage costs range from $4 to 45/tCO2. CCS deployment is more sensitive to transport and storage costs in some regions.
Pore space ownership in the United States varies from state to state and can be owned by the State, by the U.S. government or private individuals. In other countries, subsurface rights are controlled entirely by the government.
For a smaller volume of CO2 (2.5 Mtpa), costs for 500 km are just below ?15/tonne, including liquefaction. For short to medium distances and large volumes, pipelines are therefore by far the most cost- effective solution, but require strong central coordination.
Estimated costs for sequestering up to 500 million tons of carbon per year?an amount that would offset up to one-third of current annual U.S. carbon emissions?range from $30 to $90 per ton.