Deliberate Ignorance as Proof of Knowledge is a legal doctrine that allows a defendant to use their lack of knowledge as evidence that they were not involved in a crime. This doctrine is also known as "willful blindness" or "conscious avoidance". It is based on the idea that people should not be able to evade responsibility for criminal activities they were aware of, or could have been aware of if they had made a reasonable effort to investigate the facts. There are two types of Deliberate Ignorance as Proof of Knowledge. The first is "Actual Knowledge", which requires the defendant to have direct knowledge of the facts of the crime. The second is "Constructive Knowledge", which requires the defendant to have facts that lead to a reasonable belief that a crime was being committed. In either case, the defendant must demonstrate that they had made a conscious effort to avoid knowing the facts. In order for Deliberate Ignorance as Proof of Knowledge to be effective, the court must be able to prove that the defendant was aware of facts that would have led to a reasonable belief that a crime was being committed, and was taking steps to avoid learning the truth.