In summary, 1% equity can be a good offer if the startup has strong potential, your role is significant, and the overall compensation package is competitive. However, it could also be seen as low depending on the context. It's essential to assess all these factors before making a decision.
Regarding the share size, pre-IPO companies that hire CEOs externally typically offer 5% to 12% of the company's fully diluted outstanding shares, while Founder CEOs holdings depend on the value and number of funding rounds and can range from 15% to 75% or more of the company.
The exact numbers vary, but the typical equity grants for founding engineers are in the range of 0.5% to 2%. You can get a sense for it if you scan YC's job board. Getting 1% is typical, and it comes with a one year cliff and a four year vest.
At first glance, splitting everything equally may appear to be the fairest, most logical choice—one that avoids potential conflicts down the road. However, research and the experiences of successful startups suggest that equal splits often do more harm than good.
Equity allocation to co-founding team members should reflect a reward for the value they're expected to contribute. If the expected contributions are fairly equal, then the initial equity should be allocated relatively equally (for example, 51% and 49%).
The short answer to "how much equity should a founder keep" is founders should keep at least 50% equity in a startup for as long as possible, while investors get between 20 and 30%. There should also be a 10 to 20% portion set aside for employee stock options and, in some cases, about 5% left in a reserve pool.
When your startup is in the initial stages, the founder or the co-founders usually own it entirely, typically in a 50/50 split, or 60/40, depending on various conditions. As you grow, equity is distributed among those who contributed to fund your startup, give you advise, or develop your product/service offerings.
The short answer to "how much equity should a founder keep" is founders should keep at least 50% equity in a startup for as long as possible, while investors get between 20 and 30%. There should also be a 10 to 20% portion set aside for employee stock options and, in some cases, about 5% left in a reserve pool.