Goods are produced in goods buildings. They are unlocked through advancing in the technology tree.
Buildings Points All the buildings in the game have a points value calculated basing on their size, era and type (event and premium buildings are a bit more valuable than other, standard buildings).
Blacksmithing forges have been used by metalworkers for millennia. Blacksmiths use a forge to heat and shape metal.
Forge Points Buildings Arctic Orangery. Winter Wonderland Pyramid. Abandoned Asylum. Innovation Tower.
Generally you advance your city to increase the number of forge points (fps) you can collect from it each day. This can mean adding levels to forge point generating great buildings or adding buildings won from events or GE that make forge points.
Donation. To help construct a Great Building, simply visit a city of one of your friends, neighbors or guild-mates in which a Great Building construction is present, and click on the Great Building. You may now donate Forge Points, and also view which reward you will receive (if any) for your current donations.
Click the "Market" icon in your toolbar to go to the trading market. Click on the "Create Offer" tab. Next to the words "Your Offers", select the good and the amount of that good that you wish to offer for trade.
The way of acquiring those resources varies from event to event but mostly they are awarded for completing event quests. Those resources can be traded in for rewards or are used an an intermediate to procure items which may give the rewards.
To buy Forge Points, you just click/tap on the plus sign next to the FP bar. A window will show giving you the option to buy FP with coins or Diamonds. To invite players that do not currently play, I believe you have to provide their email for Inno to send them an invitation.