As part of promoting the well-being of children, families and communities, New York State passed legislation that raises the lower age of juvenile delinquency to 12 years old in almost all cases, as of December 29, 2022 (Chapter 810 of the Laws of 2021, as amended by Chapter 38 of the Laws of 2022).
Delinquency, crimes committed by minors, which are dealt with by the juvenile courts and justice system; criminal behavior, crimes dealt with by the criminal justice system; status offenses, offenses that are only classified as such because only a minor can commit them.
Not all cases heard in juvenile court are delinquency cases (those involving the commission of a crime). There are two other types of cases: dependency cases and status offenses. Different procedures typically apply to all three types of juvenile court cases.
Probation is perhaps the most common penalty in the juvenile justice system. Judges have considerable discretion to set the terms of probation. These may be specific to the circumstances of the case.
Categories of Crimes. In general, felonies, misdemeanors, and infractions fall into one of three broad categories: violent, property, and drug-related.
Kirby classified offenders into three categories: primary juvenile offenders, secondary juvenile offenders, and tertiary juvenile offenders. Primary juvenile offenders are those who engage in delinquent behavior for the first time, such as shoplifting or vandalism.
In New York, this type of substitute motion is called an "Order to Show Cause." An order to show cause can be heard anytime the court directs, even fewer than the usual eight days, and even as short as a few hours later, if the court is convinced there's a real emergency.
ENVIRONMENTAL DELINQUENTS. - characterized by occasional law-breaking. EMOTIONALLY MALADJUSTED DELINQUENTS. - characterized by chronic law-breaking, a habit which this type cannot avoid or. escape from. PSYCHIATRIC DELINQUENTS.
1. Property Crimes. Property crimes such as theft, burglary, and vandalism are among the most common juvenile offenses. Juveniles often engage in these crimes due to peer pressure, boredom, or financial gain.
16 and 17-year-olds charged with misdemeanors under the Vehicle and Traffic Law are considered adults and their cases are decided in the local criminal court. 16 and 17-year-olds charged with felonies are considered Adolescent Offenders (AO) and their cases start out in the Youth Part of the Supreme or County Court.