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Despite its unfortunate name (the name comes from the party who successfully fought the IRS), the Crummey Trust is an excellent device for estate planning. This irrevocable trust allows the donor to make gifts to the trust and qualify them for the annual exclusion from gift taxes.
Thus, if a grantor wants to leave S corp stock to a trust for her family members after her death without terminating the company's election, the trust must qualify either as an electing small business trust (ESBT) or as a qualified subchapter s trust (QSST).
The main difference between an ESBT and a QSST is that an ESBT may have multiple income beneficiaries, and the trust does not have to distribute all income. Unlike with the QSST, the trustee, rather than the beneficiary, must make the election.
If the proper criteria are met during your lifetime, upon your death, the trust assets will not be included in your estate for estate tax purposes. The beneficiaries of the trust will not have to pay income taxes on the life insurance proceeds that they ultimately receive.
The trustee manages assets of Crummey trusts, and you set terms that determine when distributions should be made. A Crummey Trust is generally more flexible and advantageous than a 529 college savings account. Multiple beneficiaries can be included in the trust, including beneficiaries over 21.
An electing small business trust (ESBT) within the meaning of section 1361(e) is treated as two separate trusts for purposes of chapter 1 of the Internal Revenue Code. The portion of an ESBT that consists of stock in one or more S corporations is treated as one trust.
A Crummey trust is a specific type of trust that can be used to transfer assets to minor children and other people as a strategy to avoid gift taxes. If you need hands-on guidance, a financial advisor can help you create an estate plan for your family's needs and goals.
A Crummey Trust allows you to take advantage of the gift tax exclusions and simultaneously minimize your estate taxes. You do not have to provide an opportunity for the beneficiary to withdraw the entire balance of the trust until a certain age. A Crummey trust can have multiple beneficiaries.
The QSST may be useful for estate planning purposes. It may also be useful for holding S stock for the benefit of a minor or incompetent. Individuals, estates, and certain trusts are subject to a net investment income tax, which is an additional tax of 3.8%.
A Qualified Subchapter S Trust, commonly referred to as a QSST Election, or a Q-Sub election, is a Qualified Subchapter S Subsidiary Election made on behalf of a trust that retains ownership as the shareholder of an S corporation, a corporation in the United States which votes to be taxed.