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Distributing assets from an irrevocable trust requires that the assets first be part of the trust's corpus. Tax laws allow trusts to recover the after-tax money locked up in the corpus as tax-free return of principal. Trusts pass this benefit along to their beneficiaries in the form of tax-free distributions.
A special type of irrevocable life insurance trust, called a Crummey trust (aka irrevocable gift trust), allows a wealthy grantor to fund the trust in such a way that payments are treated as gifts of present interest to the trust's beneficiaries, thereby qualifying for the annual gift exclusion, then using the payments
Crummey powers give the beneficiary a limited time (often 30, 45 or 60 days) to withdraw contributions to a trust at will, converting the future interest gift to a present interest gift. This withdrawal right is generally limited to an amount equal to the current annual gift tax exclusion.
Crummey power allows a person to receive a gift that is not eligible for a gift-tax exclusion and then effectively transform the status of that gift into one that is eligible for a gift-tax exclusion. For Crummey power to work, individuals must stipulate that the gift is part of the trust when it is drafted.
Key Takeaways. A 5 by 5 Power in Trust is a clause that lets the beneficiary make withdrawals from the trust on a yearly basis. The beneficiary can cash out $5,000 or 5% of the trust's fair market value each year, whichever is a higher amount.
A withdrawal right is the right, given to the beneficiary of a trust, to withdraw all or a portion of each gift made to the trust. For example, if a $1,000 gift is made to a trust and a beneficiary of the trust has a withdrawal right over that gift, he or she can withdraw up to $1,000 from the trust.
Crummey power allows a person to receive a gift that is not eligible for a gift-tax exclusion and then effectively transform the status of that gift into one that is eligible for a gift-tax exclusion. For Crummey power to work, individuals must stipulate that the gift is part of the trust when it is drafted.
The trustee of an irrevocable trust can only withdraw money to use for the benefit of the trust according to terms set by the grantor, like disbursing income to beneficiaries or paying maintenance costs, and never for personal use.
Advantages of a Crummey TrustYou do not have to provide an opportunity for the beneficiary to withdraw the entire balance of the trust until a certain age. A Crummey trust can have multiple beneficiaries. Unlike some college savings plans, there are no penalties if the funds are not used for higher education.