4.40 Elements of Claim: Excessive Use of Force — Arrest or Other Seizure of Person is a type of legal claim which alleges that law enforcement officers used excessive force in the course of arresting or otherwise seizing an individual. This may include physical harm, psychological trauma, and/or financial losses. Excessive use of force claims may be based on violations of the Fourth Amendment, constitutional protections against unreasonable searches and seizures, or state-level laws prohibiting police brutality. Types of 4.40 Elements of Claim: Excessive Use of Force — Arrest or Other Seizure of Person include, but are not limited to: • Physical force: This includes any physical force used by an officer in the course of making an arrest or other seizure, such as punching, kicking, or using a baton, pepper spray, or other weapons. • Psychological force: This includes any verbal or mental abuse used by an officer in the course of making an arrest or other seizure, such as threats, insults, intimidation, or other coercive tactics. • Financial losses: This includes any financial losses incurred by an individual as a result of an officer's excessive use of force, such as medical bills, lost wages, or damage to personal property.