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(§ 659, subd. (a).) Motions for Judgment Notwithstanding the Verdict (JNOV) must be filed within fifteen days after the service of notice of entry of the judgment. (§§ 629, 659.)
In criminal trials, the verdict will be guilty or not guilty, and in civil trials, the verdict will either favor the defendant or the plaintiff. In both criminal and civil trials, the party defending themselves is called the defense or the defendant.
A directed verdict is a ruling entered by a trial judge after determining that there is no legally sufficient evidentiary basis for a reasonable jury to reach a different conclusion. The trial court may grant a directed verdict either sua sponte or upon a motion by either party.
A judgment notwithstanding the verdict (JNOV) is a judgment by the trial judge after a jury has issued a verdict, setting aside the jury's verdict and entering a judgment in favor of the losing party without a new trial. A JNOV is very similar to a directed verdict except for the timing within a trial.
For example, if a party enters no evidence on an essential element of their case but the jury, the finder of fact, still finds in their favor, the court may rule that no reasonable jury would have disregarded the lack of evidence on that key point and reform the judgment.
Thus, a judge must conclude that the jury did not follow proper instructions and ruled for the opposing party based on legally insufficient evidence. In federal courts, the motion for judgment notwithstanding the verdict has been replaced by the motion for judgment as a matter of law.
The Rule Rule 50(a) provides for a motion for judgment as a matter of law (JMOL) which may be made at any time before submission of the case to the jury. This was previously known as a motion for a directed verdict.
A motion for judgment notwithstanding the verdict (JNOV) is a motion asking the court to enter a judgment disregarding the verdict rendered by the jury. The motion argues that no reasonable jury could reach the verdict that the jury reached in the particular case.