In the Pennsylvania criminal justice system, the state uses specific jury instructions to guide jurors on various aspects of a case. One such instruction is Pennsylvania Jury Instruction — Escape, which provides crucial guidance on analyzing the charge of escape in a trial. Escape, as defined in Pennsylvania law, involves the unlawful departure or attempt to depart from official detention or custody. This instruction assists the jury in understanding the elements that must be proven beyond a reasonable doubt in a defendant to be convicted of escape. The Pennsylvania Jury Instruction — Escape typically covers several essential elements that the prosecution must establish. These elements include unlawfulness, custody or detention, departure or attempt to depart, and the defendant's mental state. The instruction emphasizes that each element must be proven beyond a reasonable doubt in a guilty verdict. Unlawfulness: The instruction clarifies that the departure or attempt to depart must be unlawful, meaning it is without legal justification or authorization. It educates the jury on different scenarios where the departure might or might not be considered unlawful, depending on the circumstances. Custody or Detention: The instruction explains that escape can only occur when the defendant is in a recognized form of custody or detention. It may involve situations such as incarceration, being under arrest, or being restrained by court order. The jury is provided with examples and nuances to help them determine if the defendant met this criterion. Departure or Attempt to Depart: This segment of the instruction instructs jurors on the actions necessary to fulfill the element of escape. It covers physical departure from custody, fleeing from a detention facility, or even just making a substantial effort to leave, even if unsuccessful. Defendant's Mental State: The jury instruction expounds on the requisite mental state of the defendant during the escape. It explains that the prosecution must prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant possessed the specific intent to escape or knew of their departure from custody and willfully failed to return. This element ensures that mere accidental departures or instances where the defendant lacks awareness of their situation are not misunderstood as escape under the law. While Pennsylvania does not specify distinct types of jury instructions for escape, variations in the details and circumstances of each case may result in nuanced instructions specific to the facts presented. However, the general framework outlined above serves as a foundation to guide the jury's understanding and decision-making process when evaluating charges of escape in Pennsylvania trials.
Pennsylvania Jury Instruction - Escape
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If the court admits evidence that is admissible against a party or for a purpose ? but not against another party or for another purpose ? the court, on timely request, must restrict the evidence to its proper scope and instruct the jury ingly. Rule 105. Limiting Evidence That Is Not Admissible Against Other ... cornell.edu ? rules ? fre ? rule_105 cornell.edu ? rules ? fre ? rule_105
Judge's Instructions on the Law Either before or after the closing arguments by the lawyers, the judge will explain the law that applies to the case to you. This is the judge's instruction to the jury. About the Trial Process - Jury Service - California Courts ca.gov ? ... ca.gov ? ...
If the court admits evidence that is admissible against a party or for a purpose ? but not against another party or for another purpose ? the court, on timely request, must restrict the evidence to its proper scope and instruct the jury ingly.
PATTERN JURY INSTRUCTIONS WHICH PROVIDE A BODY OF BRIEF, UNIFORM INSTRUCTIONS THAT FULLY STATE THE LAW WITHOUT NEEDLESS REPETION ARE PRESENTED; BASIC, SPECIAL, OFFENSE, AND TRIAL INSTRUCTIONS ARE INCLUDED. PATTERN JURY INSTRUCTIONS - CRIMINAL CASES ojp.gov ? ncjrs ? virtual-library ? abstracts ojp.gov ? ncjrs ? virtual-library ? abstracts
The idea behind a limiting instruction is that it is better to admit relevant and probative evidence, even in a limited capacity, and take the chance that the jury will properly apply it in its decision making, rather than to exclude it altogether.
The judge reads the instructions to the jury. This is commonly referred to as the judge's charge to the jury. In giving the instructions, the judge will state the issues in the case and define any terms or words that may not be familiar to the jurors.
It is not required that the government prove guilt beyond all possible doubt. A reasonable doubt is a doubt based upon reason and common sense and is not based purely on speculation. It may arise from a careful and impartial consideration of all the evidence, or from lack of evidence.