Pennsylvania Jury Instruction — Instigating Or Assisting Escape is a legal guideline provided by the court to the jury during criminal trials involving escape or attempted escape from custody. This instruction serves to outline and clarify the necessary elements that the prosecution must prove beyond a reasonable doubt in a conviction on instigating or assisting escape charges. The following are relevant keywords and types of Pennsylvania Jury Instruction — Instigating Or Assisting Escape: 1. Definition: The instruction begins by defining the legal term "instigating or assisting escape." It explains that this offense involves intentionally aiding or abetting an individual to escape lawful custody or confinement. 2. Mental State Requirement: The instruction highlights the mental state necessary for a conviction. It may include terms like "knowingly," "willfully," or "intentionally," which signify that the defendant must have intended to help someone escape or have been aware that their actions would lead to an escape. 3. Elements of the Offense: The instruction enumerates the essential elements that the prosecution must establish for a conviction. These typically include proving that the defendant knowingly provided assistance or encouragement to the escapee, the escapee was in lawful custody or confinement, and the act of assistance or encouragement contributed to the escape or attempted escape. 4. Examples of Assistance: The instruction may provide examples of actions that constitute assistance or encouragement, such as providing tools or weapons, distracting or overpowering security personnel, providing transportation, or communicating escape plans. 5. Legal Causation: This instruction explains the concept of legal causation, emphasizing that the assistance provided by the defendant must have directly contributed to the escape. It clarifies that if the defendant's actions were merely incidental or not a substantial factor in facilitating the escape, they may not be found guilty of instigating or assisting escape. 6. Defenses and Considerations: The instruction may outline certain defenses that the defendant may raise, such as lack of intent, duress, or necessity. Additionally, it may instruct the jury to consider any reasonable doubt in favor of the defendant. It is important to note that this description provides a general overview of Pennsylvania Jury Instruction — Instigating Or Assisting Escape. Actual instructions given to the jury can vary depending on the specific facts and circumstances of each individual case, as well as any relevant statutes or case law.
Pennsylvania Jury Instruction - Instigating Or Assisting Escape
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The Texas Pattern Jury Charges series is widely accepted by attorneys and judges as the most authoritative guide for drafting questions, instructions, and definitions in a broad variety of cases.
PATTERN JURY INSTRUCTIONS WHICH PROVIDE A BODY OF BRIEF, UNIFORM INSTRUCTIONS THAT FULLY STATE THE LAW WITHOUT NEEDLESS REPETION ARE PRESENTED; BASIC, SPECIAL, OFFENSE, AND TRIAL INSTRUCTIONS ARE INCLUDED.
Jury instructions are instructions for jury deliberation that are written by the judge and given to the jury. At trial, jury deliberation occurs after evidence is presented and closing arguments are made.
The idea behind a limiting instruction is that it is better to admit relevant and probative evidence, even in a limited capacity, and take the chance that the jury will properly apply it in its decision making, rather than to exclude it altogether.
The judge will advise the jury that it is the sole judge of the facts and of the credibility (believability) of witnesses. He or she will note that the jurors are to base their conclusions on the evidence as presented in the trial, and that the opening and closing arguments of the lawyers are not evidence.