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Under Vermont Rule of Evidence 404(b), evidence concerning a defendant's prior crimes or wrongs is not admissible to prove the defendant possesses a certain character or propensity and ?acted in conformity therewith.? V.R.E. 404(b); State v. Cardinal, 155 Vt.
Federal Rule of Evidence 404(b) provides that prior act evidence ?is not admissible to prove the character of a person in order to show action in conformity therewith.? Evidence of prior bad acts usually cannot be admitted at trial to show the defendant's propensity to commit crimes similar to the offense in question.
Insufficient evidence is a negative defense, which means that the defendant asserts by implication (silence) or by testimony, that she did not commit the alleged offense, or that the prosecutor cannot prove that she committed the alleged offense.
It is not required that the government prove guilt beyond all possible doubt. A reasonable doubt is a doubt based upon reason and common sense and is not based purely on speculation. It may arise from a careful and impartial consideration of all the evidence, or from lack of evidence.
The basic rule of evidence which forms the starting point for all else is, ?all evidence relevant to a fact in issue is admissible unless there is a legal reason for excluding it?.
Rule 404(b) of the Federal Rules of Evidence makes inadmissible most character evidence regarding crimes or acts for which no charges were filed, but this rule should not be used to eliminate evidence of criminal activity committed by the defendant at the same time as the crime charged, as a predicate to the crime ...
If you are not convinced beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant is guilty of a charged crime, you must find the defendant not guilty of that crime. If you are convinced beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant is guilty of a charged crime, you must find the defendant guilty of that crime. CPL 300.10(2).
404 Every one who falsely, with intent to gain advantage for himself or some other person, personates a candidate at a competitive or qualifying examination held under the authority of law or in connection with a university, college or school or who knowingly avails himself of the results of such personation is guilty ...
Reasonable doubt is insufficient evidence that prevents a judge or jury from convicting a defendant of a crime. If it cannot be proved without a doubt that a defendant in a criminal case is guilty, then that person should not be convicted.
Pa. R.E. 404(b)(1) is identical to F.R.E. 404(b)(1). It prohibits the use of evidence of other crimes, wrongs, or acts to prove a person's character.