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A defendant claiming the defense is pleading "not guilty by reason of insanity" (NGRI) or "guilty but insane or mentally ill" in some jurisdictions which, if successful, may result in the defendant being committed to a psychiatric facility for an indeterminate period.
There are several legal tests used by State courts to determine whether someone was insane at the time of the incident. These insanity defenses include the M'Naghten Rule; the Irresistible Impulse Test; the Durham Rule; and the Model Penal Code test.
A successful NGI defense means that defendant will not be incarcerated in a jail or prison, but rather will spend time in a state mental hospital until doctors determine their sanity has been restored.
The federal insanity defense now requires the defendant to prove, by "clear and convincing evidence," that "at the time of the commission of the acts constituting the offense, the defendant, as a result of a severe mental disease or defect, was unable to appreciate the nature and quality or the wrongfulness of his acts ...
The Insanity Defense: State Laws AlabamaThe state uses the M'Naghten Rule. The burden of proof is on the defendant.MissouriThe state uses a modified version of the M'Naghten Rule. The burden of proof is on the defendant.MontanaThe state has abolished the insanity defense, although a guilty but insane verdict is allowed.48 more rows
The four versions of the insanity defense are M'Naghten, irresistible impulse, substantial capacity, and Durham. The two elements of the M'Naghten insanity defense are the following: The defendant must be suffering from a mental defect or disease at the time of the crime.
Ing to the M'Naughten rule, the insanity defense can only be admissible in court if; the defendant did not understand the true nature of his or her conduct at the time the crime was committed, and the defendant was not capable of distinguishing right from wrong due to mental illness or defect.
A successful NGI defense means that defendant will not be incarcerated in a jail or prison, but rather will spend time in a state mental hospital until doctors determine their sanity has been restored.