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Jury instructions should ideally be brief, concise, non-repetitive, relevant to the case's details, understandable to the average juror, and should correctly state the law without misleading the jury or inviting unnecessary speculation.
In federal criminal trials, the jury must reach a unanimous decision in order to convict the defendant. After they reach an agreement on a verdict, they notify the judge, the lawyers, and the defendant in open court.
The verdict in a criminal case must be unanimously decided, meaning every single one of the jurors must agree with a finding of guilty or not guilty. If even one juror disagrees with the outcome, there can be no final judgment in the case. When a finding is not unanimous, this is referred to as a hung jury.
The judge instructs the jury about the relevant laws that should guide its deliberations. (In some jurisdictions, the court may instruct the jury at any time after the close of evidence. This sometimes occurs before closing arguments.) The judge reads the instructions to the jury.
Verdict: The official decision or finding of the jury which is reported to the court.
If a defendant is found not guilty, by the magistrate, jury or judge, they will be 'acquitted' and free to go. If the defendant pleads guilty or is found guilty by the judge or jury, they are convicted and the judge will pass sentence.
In the end, a long deliberation really just means the jurors are taking their time to go through the evidence and discuss their positions. This can end in either a guilty or not guilty verdict. A long jury deliberation could mean the jurors are at an impasse or a deadlock.
In a criminal offense trial, all 12 jurors must agree on a judgment, whether it is a guilty verdict or otherwise, to reach a unanimous decision. If the jurors are unable to reach a unanimous verdict, the trial may result in a hung jury. Even if only one juror disagrees, a hung jury may occur.