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A security interest arising out of a sale of a promissory note (i.e., an instrument) is perfected automatically, without additional action, when it attaches. See Section 9-304(4) of the Uniform Commercial Code.
A promissory note must include the date of the loan, the dollar amount, the names of both parties, the rate of interest, any collateral involved, and the timeline for repayment. When this document is signed by the borrower, it becomes a legally binding contract.
In general, the promissory note is your written promise to repay the loan and a security agreement is used when collateral is given for the loan.
If the issuer of the note sells a note as an investment to persons who resemble investors, in an offering that resembles a securities offering, then the note is a security.
A promissory note secured by collateral will need a second document. If the collateral is real property, there will be either a mortgage or a deed of trust. If the collateral is personal property, there will be a security agreement.
General Definition. Promissory notes are defined as securities under the Securities Act. However, notes that have a maturity of nine months or less are not considered securities.
Promissory notes are legally binding whether the note is secured by collateral or based only on the promise of repayment. If you lend money to someone who defaults on a promissory note and does not repay, you can legally possess any property that individual promised as collateral.
Generally, as long as the promissory note contains legally acceptable interest rates, the signatures of the two contracted parties, and are within the applicable Statute of Limitations, they can be upheld in a court of law.
A Promissory Note may be secured or unsecured. In case of a secured note, the borrower will be required to provide a collateral such as property, goods, services, etc., in the event that they fail to repay the borrowed amount.