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Measurement: ASC 330 outlines specific methods for measuring the cost of inventory, which include the weighted-average cost method, first-in, first-out (FIFO) method, and the last-in, first-out (LIFO) method. Companies must consistently apply their chosen method across all inventory items and periods.
The cost principle is an accounting principle that records assets at their respective cash amounts at the time the asset was purchased or acquired. The amount of the asset that is recorded may not be increased for improvements in market value or inflation, nor can it be updated to reflect any depreciation.
Inventory Basics Inventory is a current asset. Current assets are distinct from long-term company assets in that they can reasonably be converted to cash in a short period. Current assets are recorded on a company's balance sheet, so the balance sheet at a given moment reflects the value of the inventory owned.
In the United States, GAAP requires that inventory is stated at replacement cost if there is a difference between the market value and the replacement value, but upper and lower boundaries apply. This is known as the lower of the cost and market value methods of inventory valuation.
This principle comes from the conservative system of accounting. So the principle basically states that we must value the inventory either at the cost of the inventory or at its net realizable value. We will record it at the lower amount amongst the two in ance with the conservative cost approach.
Under GAAP, FIFO (first in first out), LIFO (last in first out), weighted average, and specific identification are all acceptable methods of cost determination for your company's inventory.
As discussed in ASC 330-10-30-1 and ASC 330-10-35-1B, the primary basis of accounting for inventories is cost, provided cost is not higher than the net amount realizable from the subsequent sale of the inventories.
How to Account for Inventory. The accounting for inventory involves determining the correct unit counts comprising ending inventory, and then assigning a value to those units. The resulting costs are then used to record an ending inventory value, as well as to calculate the cost of goods sold for the reporting period.