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An irrevocable trust reports income on Form 1041, the IRS's trust and estate tax return. Even if a trust is a separate taxpayer, it may not have to pay taxes. If it makes distributions to a beneficiary, the trust will take a distribution deduction on its tax return and the beneficiary will receive IRS Schedule K-1.
But assets in an irrevocable trust generally don't get a step up in basis. Instead, the grantor's taxable gains are passed on to heirs when the assets are sold. Revocable trusts, like assets held outside a trust, do get a step up in basis so that any gains are based on the asset's value when the grantor dies.
An irrevocable trust is a very powerful tool for Medicaid Asset Protection, as it allows you to shelter assets from a nursing home after they have been in the trust for five years.
An irrevocable trust provides an alternative to simply giving an asset to a beneficiary in order to reduce your taxable estate. With a trust, you can set the timing of distributions (i.e. when the beneficiary attains 30 years of age) as well as the reasons for distributions (i.e. for education only).
Can a beneficiary withdraw money from an irrevocable trust? The trustee of an irrevocable Trust cannot withdraw money except to benefit the Trust. These terms include paying maintenance costs and disbursement income to beneficiaries. However, it is not possible to withdraw money for personal or business use.
The grantor (as an individual or couple) transfers their assets to an irrevocable trust. However, unlike other irrevocable trusts, the grantor can be the income beneficiary. Their children or spouse would be the residual beneficiaries.
The step-up in basis tax provision protects the asset in a revocable trust from heavy taxation. Grantors and trustees can take advantage of this provision to reduce or eliminate capital gains taxes. The assets in a revocable trust appreciate and provide the grantor with a consistent stream of income in their lifetime.
The step-up in basis is equal to the fair market value of the property on the date of death. In our example, if the parents had put their home in this irrevocable income only trust, and the fair market value upon their demise was $300,000, the children would receive the home with a basis equal to this $300,000 value.
The 65-day rule relates to distributions from complex trusts to beneficiaries made after the end of a calendar year. For the first 65 days of the following year, a distribution is considered to have been made in the previous year.
Generally, a trustee is the only person allowed to withdraw money from an irrevocable trust.