Condominium Common Element For Neurodegenerative Diseases In Queens
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ROS, OS and neurodegenerative diseases. ROS are groups of atoms that have odd, unpaired number of electrons, causing OS, and play a vital role in the pathophysiology of ND. This can be exacerbated by mitochondrial dysfunction or reduced antioxidant gene expression.
Neurodegenerative diseases affect millions of people worldwide. Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease are the most common neurodegenerative diseases. In the United States, as many as 6.2 million people may have Alzheimer's disease, ing to a report from the Alzheimer's Disease Association in 2022.
Excessive ROS damages the essential biomolecules, leading to cellular malfunction and neurodegeneration. Several neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, and ischemic stroke, are associated with oxidative stress.
Studies have shown that oxidative stress is harmful to oligodendrocytes, and the ensuing death of these cells may result in widespread demyelination, a common feature of a number of neurological diseases including neurodegenerative conditions 71,72,73.
Inflammation is associated with many neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple sclerosis. In this Review, we discuss inducers, sensors, transducers, and effectors of neuroinflammation that contribute to neuronal dysfunction and death.
However, at excessive levels, ROS exert toxic effects and directly oxidize biological macromolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids and lipids, further exacerbating the development of inflammatory responses and causing various inflammatory diseases.
3.1. 1. Vitamins B. B vitamins, mainly B1 (thiamine), B2 (riboflavin), B3 (niacin), B6 (pyridoxine), B7 (biotin), B9 (folate), and B12 (cobalamin), play essential roles in maintaining brain health and preventing neurodegenerative diseases 8,10.
