Your reputation must suffer harm — The false and defamatory statement at issue must actually damage the reputation of the subject of the statement to support a lawsuit for defamation. The burden is on the plaintiff (the person bringing the lawsuit) to prove such damage — often a difficult task.
Similarly, if the statement is true, it cannot be defamatory, even if it harms your reputation. In Virginia, you have one year from the date of publication of the defamatory statement to file a lawsuit for libel or slander. If you wait too long, you may lose your right to pursue legal action.
Address It Directly: If appropriate, consider confronting the person spreading the slander. Approach them calmly and express how their words have affected you. Sometimes, a direct conversation can resolve misunderstandings. Seek Support: Talk to trusted friends, family, or colleagues about the situation.
In an action for slander, the plaintiff must prove special damages, namely proof of actual pecuniary loss, unless the statement complained of falls into one of the four “per se” categories of defamation requiring no proof of special damage: allegations that (1) plaintiff committed a crime, (2) are likely to cause ...
Injury. To succeed in a defamation lawsuit, the plaintiff must show the statement to have caused injury to the subject of the statement. This means that the statement must have hurt the reputation of the subject of the statement.
Written defamation is called "libel," and spoken defamation is considered "slander," and they both fall under "defamation." In the US, defamation is not usually a crime. Instead, it is a "tort" or civil wrong. Under the law, a person who has been defamed can seek damages from the perpetrator.
Knowingly publishing a lie about another person would be libel if that lie damages, or some harm caused to the reputation of the person or entity who is the subject. If the damaging lie was spoken rather than written, then it would be slander.