That someone made a false statement of purported fact about you: That the statement was made (published) to a third party; That the person who made the statement did so negligently, recklessly or intentionally; and. That as a result of the statement, your reputation was damaged.
Text messages usually fall under libel since they're written, while slander is spoken. But here's the tricky part: legal definitions can differ depending on your location. In some places, private texts might be seen as slander, but if they become public, they definitely count as libel.
Slander per se is the spoken word version of libel per se—a false statement that is so obviously harmful that damage to a plaintiff's reputation is presumed. Examples of slander per se include false accusations of improper sexual conduct, criminal activity, or bad business dealings.
If someone writes for publication a defamatory statement (a statement in which a person's reputation is seriously damaged), and that statement is false, and that person is identified in print, even without a name, then libel charges can be brought.
Code § 45 defines libel as “a false and unprivileged publication by writing, printing, picture, effigy, or other fixed representation to the eye, which exposes any person to hatred, contempt, ridicule, or obloquy, or which causes him to be shunned or avoided, or which has a tendency to injure him in his occupation.” ...
1. New York Times Co. v. Sullivan (1964)
In California, you must prove five elements to establish a defamation claim: An intentional publication of a statement of fact; That is false; That is unprivileged; That has a natural tendency to injure or causes “special damage;” and, The defendant's fault in publishing the statement amounted to at least negligence.
Examples of slander in a Sentence Verb She was accused of slandering her former boss. Noun She is being sued for slander. He was a target of slander.
Examples from Collins dictionaries Warren sued him for libel over the remarks. If the jury decided there was a libel, it would have to consider its effect on Miss Smith's position. The newspaper which libelled him had already offered compensation.