No there's no way to fail it, just like everything else in the game handholding you.
Venture To Covenant, Found South East Of Sanctuary To start this mission, players might overhear a rumor from Old Man Stockton or Diamond City guards, but it's easier to just head directly to the location itself.
The only entrance to the community is through the front door, which remains locked until you have passed a test from the man guarding the front door. Visitors to Covenant are subjected to a psychological test, called the SAFE test. The test is nominally intended to gauge a visitor's mental state.
If you destroy the institute, the covenant quest chain no longer starts. You need to acquire the settlement earlier in the game.
Visitors to Covenant are subjected to a psychological test, called the SAFE test.
Inside Covenant, players can find a few things that raise suspicions, like an abandoned bed roll, a note that talks about the rules of Covenant and how not to talk about Synths, and self-help books.
Inspecting Amelia's body after death reveals a synth component on her corpse, meaning that she was indeed a synth.
Visitors to Covenant are subjected to a psychological test, called the SAFE test.
You pass no matter what because all the choices are 'human' answers. I get that it's a throwback to the GOAT, but I wish they would have thrown in a speech check that would lead him to believe that you are a synth.