COP21 or the 21st Conference of Parties led to a new international climate agreement, the Paris Agreement, which applies in every country. It aims to limit global warming to 1.5-2°C compared to pre-industrial levels, in line with the recommendations of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).
Some of the key aspects of the Agreement are set out below: Long-term temperature goal (Art. Global peaking and 'climate neutrality' (Art. Mitigation (Art. Sinks and reservoirs (Art. Voluntary cooperation/Market- and non-market-based approaches (Art. Adaptation (Art. Loss and damage (Art.
The Paris Agreement is a landmark in the multilateral climate change process because, for the first time, a binding agreement brings all nations together to combat climate change and adapt to its effects.
At COP21 in 2015 in Paris, all UNFCCC Parties adopted the Paris Agreement : the first ever universal, legally binding global climate agreement. They agreed to limit the global temperature increase from the industrial revolution to 2100 to 2°C while pursuing efforts to limit the increase even further to 1.5°C.
The EU pledged to reduce EU emissions by 2030 by at least 55% compared to 1990 levels as a step towards reaching neutrality by 2050.
It saw almost all the world's nations agree to cut the greenhouse gas emissions which cause global warming. Adopted by 194 parties (193 countries plus the EU) in the French capital on 12 December 2015, the Paris Agreement came into force on 4 November 2016.
The headline outcome of the conference was an agreement to “transition away from fossil fuels” as part of the global stocktake (PDF), the first COP text to mention a global shift away from using fossil fuels.
The Paris Agreement works on a five-year cycle of increasingly ambitious climate action -- or, ratcheting up -- carried out by countries. Since 2020, countries have been submitting their national climate action plans, known as nationally determined contributions (NDCs).