A company provides you with a lump sum in exchange for partial ownership of your home, and/or a share of its future appreciation. You don't make monthly repayments of principal or interest; instead, you settle up when you sell the home or at the end of a multi-year agreement period (typically between 10 and 30 years).
A business can ``give'' equity any time its articles of incorporation or anti-dilution agreements allow. The IRS requires the business to report the fair market value of the gift of equity if it goes to non-employees . If equity goes to employees it is considered compensation and is reported on their w2.