The Fourth Amendment is very brief. Despite its importance, it's only one sentence long. It has two clauses: the "unreasonable search and seizure" clause and the "warrants" clause.
The Fourth Amendment protects a person from search an seizure if under the circumstances, he has a justifiable expectation of privacy, regardless of whether an actual physical trespass occured.
Writing for the majority, Justice Potter Stewart wrote that the Fourth Amendment "protects people, not places." Therefore, whatever a person "knowingly exposes to the public, even in his own home or office, is not a subject of Fourth Amendment protection." Justice Stewart continued by writing that "what he seeks to ...
Other well-established exceptions to the warrant requirement include consensual searches, certain brief investigatory stops, searches incident to a valid arrest, and seizures of items in plain view.
First Amendment: freedom of religion, freedom of speech, freedom of the press, and freedom of assembly. Second Amendment: the right of the people to keep and bear arms. Third Amendment: restricts housing soldiers in private homes. Fourth Amendment: protects against unreasonable search and seizure.
The Fourth Amendment states that “no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause.” This means that any search and seizure conducted without a warrant has the potential to be unconstitutional.