A commitment by an entity must be fulfilled, regardless of external events, while contingencies may or may not result in liability for the respective entity.
A contingent claim is another term for a derivative with a payout that is dependent on the realization of some uncertain future event. Common types of contingent claim derivatives include options and modified versions of swaps, forward contracts, and futures contracts.
A deal contingent forward is a specialised forward foreign exchange (FX) contract. The hedging customer is only obliged to fulfil the contract if a planned major transaction, such as an acquisition, occurs.
In finance, a contingent claim is a derivative whose future payoff depends on the value of another “underlying” asset, or more generally, that is dependent on the realization of some uncertain future event. These are so named, since there is only a payoff under certain contingencies.
The primary difference between the two is around obligations. Forward commitments carry an obligation to transact, whereas contingent claims confer the right to transact, but not the obligation.
While a forward commitment contains an obligation to carry out the transaction as planned, a contingent claim contains the right to carry out the transaction but not the obligation. As a result, the payoff profiles between these derivatives vary, and that affects how the contracts themselves trade.
Examples are employee stock options, warrants and other convertible securities, and investments with embedded options such as callable bonds or contingent convertible bonds.
A contingent claim is a derivative instrument that provides its owner a right but not an obligation to a payoff determined by an underlying asset, rate, or other derivative. Contingent claims include options, the valuation of which is the objective of this reading.