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The traditional meaning of 'without prejudice' it is to allow communications between parties without worrying that those communications, like letters or emails, will be used in court against the writer. However, it's a term often misused by lawyers. It should be used to preface settlement discussions.
For example, an arrest without probable cause, violation of the right to a speedy trial, or an illegal search can lead to a case being dismissed with prejudice. Other errors in a case also may lead a court to dismiss a case with prejudice.
Whereas a case that is dismissed ?with prejudice? is dismissed permanently, a case that is dismissed ?without prejudice? is only dismissed temporarily. This temporary dismissal means that the plaintiff is allowed to re-file charges, alter the claim, or bring the case to another court.
?With prejudice? means the decision is final. ?Without prejudice? means it's not final and subject to future inquiry. If the judge announces a case is dismissed with prejudice, that means it's permanently dismissed and can't be retried.
If your criminal charges are dismissed without prejudice, it means your case is not moving forward, and you're no longer charged with a crime?but it also leaves the door open for the prosecution to refile the same charges against you if they see fit.