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A dismissal with prejudice means that the ruling is the final judgment in the case. The dismissal prohibits the prosecutor from refiling the charges. In a dismissal without prejudice, the prosecutor can refile the charges (or file new charges based on the same circumstances) at some future time.
? A lack of personal jurisdiction, meaning the court does not have power over the defendant. This type of dismissal would also occur before any courtroom proceedings unfold. ? Determination of improper venue, meaning the judge has determined it would be better for the case to unfold in a different court.
A motion to dismiss for lack of personal jurisdiction is usually granted without prejudice (meaning the plaintiff can re-file in another forum). See Point of Law (POL). So before filing a motion to dismiss, consider whether the current forum is in fact better than the alternatives.
Rule 41 - Search and Seizure (a) Authority to Issue Warrant. A search warrant authorized by this rule may be issued only by a judicial officer upon request of a law enforcement officer, an attorney for the state, or any other person authorized by law.
A judge may dismiss a case without prejudice in order to allow for errors in the case presented to be addressed before it is brought back to court. A judge will dismiss a case with prejudice if he or she finds reason why the case should not move forward and should be permanently closed.
Note that there are exceptions to this rule: dismissals for lack of jurisdiction, improper venue, or failure to join a party under FRCP 19 do not count as adjudications on the merits, and thus are considered dismissals without prejudice.
District Court of Appeals (1941) 17 Cal. 2d 280, 288, lack of jurisdiction means an entire absence of power to hear or determine the case. Abelleira cites an applicable example of lack of subject matter jurisdiction as a proceeding beyond the jurisdiction defined for a court by statute or constitutional provision.
?With prejudice? means the decision is final. ?Without prejudice? means it's not final and subject to future inquiry. If the judge announces a case is dismissed with prejudice, that means it's permanently dismissed and can't be retried.