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A derivative action is brought by a shareholder on behalf of the company; this means that if a derivative action is successful, any damages awarded are awarded to the company and not the shareholder(s) who brought it.
The Act provides that a derivative action may only be brought where the company suffers loss as a result of a director's: negligence; default; breach of duty; and/or.
Common law derivative claim process As mentioned above, a claimant must demonstrate a prima facie case and be granted permission from the court to pursue a common law derivative claim and further, the court will apply the same factors in exercising its discretion as for statutory derivative claims.
Commonly, derivative suits allege improper actions by those in charge of the entity including, self-dealing by those in charge, entity mismanagement, or breaches of the duties of loyalty and care owed to the entity and the entity's owners. Direct claims are those seeking redress to the individual directly.
There is no requirement to obtain permission to issue a derivative claim but there is such a requirement under s. 261(1) to continue it (also CPR 19.9A). The court's permission must be obtained before any other step is taken in the proceedings.
Grounds for a derivative claim There are a number of ways a derivative claim can arise, but usually they are based on breach of trust, a conflict of interest, negligence or where the director has personally benefitted in some way whilst not acting in the company's best interests.
In order to assert a derivative claim, Rule 23.09 mandates that the plaintiff plead certain facts with particularity, including either making a demand on the company's board of governors to assert the alleged claim or an allegation explaining why such a demand would have been futile. This requirement is compulsory.
A prerequisite to a derivative suit is a demand by the shareholder or LLC member upon the corporation or LLC that the entity file the suit. In the context of smaller corporations and LLCs, this will be upon the board of directors or managers.