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The asset purchase agreement is often drafted up towards the end of the negotiation stage, so that the parties can have a final record of their agreement. The document essentially operates as a contract, creating legally binding duties on each of the parties involved.
An asset purchase involves the purchase of the selling company's assets -- including facilities, vehicles, equipment, and stock or inventory. A stock purchase involves the purchase of the selling company's stock only.
Generally, stock purchases are more straightforward than asset purchases. The parties sign the Stock Purchase Agreement and related documents that outline the terms of the deal, and the seller(s) transfer the target company's stock to the purchaser. With this the purchaser assumes all the target company's liabilities.
Provisions of an APA may include payment of purchase price, monthly installments, liens and encumbrances on the assets, condition precedent for the closing, etc. An APA differs from a stock purchase agreement (SPA) under which company shares, title to assets, and title to liabilities are also sold.
An asset purchase involves just the assets of a company. In either format, determining what is being acquired is critical. This article focuses on some of the important categories of assets to consider in a business purchase: real estate, personal property, and intellectual property.
An asset acquisition strategy is when one company buys another company through the process of buying its assets, as opposed to a traditional acquisition strategy, which involves the purchase of stock.
In an asset sale the target's contracts are transferred to the buyer by means of assigning the contracts to the buyer. The default rule is generally that a party to a contract has the right to assign the agreement to a third party (although the assigning party remains liable to the counter-party under the agreement).
An asset purchase agreement is exactly what it sounds like: an agreement between a buyer and a seller to transfer ownership of an asset for a price. The difference between this type of contract and a merger-acquisition transaction is that the seller can decide which specific assets to sell and exclude.
An asset sale is the purchase of individual assets and liabilities, whereas a stock sale is the purchase of the owner's shares of a corporation. While there are many considerations when negotiating the type of transaction, tax implications and potential liabilities are the primary concerns.
In a stock acquisition transaction, if the acquisition is a qualified stock purchase and an election is made under Sec. 338, the stock acquisition is treated as an asset acquisition for tax purposes. Under this scenario, the buyer will have the privilege of a step-up in basis of the seller's assets.