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A company issues common stock to raise money, so the debit will always be to cash. There will always be a credit to common stock for the # of shares issued x the par value. Additional paid-in capital (APIC) is the plug.
Issuing preferred stock provides a company with a means of obtaining capital without increasing the company's overall level of outstanding debt. This helps keep the company's debt to equity (D/E) ratio, an important leverage measure for investors and analysts, at a lower, more attractive level.
Investors value preference shares for their relative stability and preferred status over common shares for dividends and bankruptcy liquidation. Corporations mostly value them as a way to obtain equity financing without diluting voting rights and for their callability.
To comply with state regulations, the par value of preferred stock is recorded in its own paid-in capital account Preferred Stock. If the corporation receives more than the par amount, the amount greater than par will be recorded in another account such as Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par - Preferred Stock.
Upon issuance, common stock is recorded at par value with any amount received above that figure reported in an account such as capital in excess of par value. If issued for an asset or service instead of cash, the recording is based on the fair value of the shares given up.
The journal entry for issuing preferred stock is very similar to the one for common stock. This time Preferred Stock and Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par - Preferred Stock are credited instead of the accounts for common stock.
Cumulative preferred stock is a type of preferred stock with a provision that stipulates that if any dividend payments have been missed in the past, the dividends owed must be paid out to cumulative preferred shareholders first.
Key Takeaways Convertible preferred shares can be converted into common stock at a fixed conversion ratio. Once the market price of the company's common stock rises above the conversion price, it may be worthwhile for the preferred shareholders to convert and realize an immediate profit.