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Puerto Rico is an unincorporated territory of the United States. Most but not all federal laws apply to Puerto Rico. In addition to the U.S. Constitution, which is the supreme law of the U.S., federal laws include statutes that are periodically codified in the U.S. Code.
The Constitution of Puerto Rico and the Judiciary Act of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico govern the judicial branch, which in turn, has three levels: the Supreme Court, the Court of Appeals, and the Court of First Instance.
When Puerto Rico became a US territory, it incorporated the common law system. This created a mixed legal system in which common law and civil law are blended. This system is what prevails today. Civil law is applied for family law, divorce, child custody, real property law, and contractual law, among others.
Overview: Two court systems Like all of the 50 states, Puerto Rico has a dual court system. The island is home to its own court system in which Spanish is the official written and spoken language. The island also is subject to the federal district court for the District of Puerto Rico.
The lowest level is the Court of First Instance (Tribunal de Primera Instancia), which includes both municipal and district courts. The intermediate appellate court is the Circuit Court of Appeal (Tribunal de Apelaciones). The Supreme Court (Tribunal Supremo) is the highest court in Puerto Rico.
Like all of the 50 states, Puerto Rico has a dual court system. The island is home to its own court system in which Spanish is the official written and spoken language. The island also is subject to the federal district court for the District of Puerto Rico.
What is the Court of Appeals? The Court of Appeals was created by law and functions as the second step or level in the courts of Puerto Rico, since it is an intermediate forum between the Supreme Court and the Court of First Instance.
The United States District Court for the District of Puerto Rico (in case citations, D.P.R.; Spanish: Tribunal del Distrito de Puerto Rico) is the federal district court whose jurisdiction comprises the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. The court is based in San Juan.