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Sequestration in sedimentary formations is the most mature technology for long-term storage of CO2 in subsurface pore space. The requirements for secure reservoirs are described in sections Storage in Subsurface Pore Space and Geological Sequestration in Saline Aquifers and Oil and Gas Depleted Reservoirs.
Deep saline aquifers and depleted and existing hydrocarbon reservoir rocks are considered major potential CO2 storage media.
This Act ensures a permanent storage of CO2 in underground rock layers in a way that protects humanity and the environment and takes the responsibility for future generations into consideration.
Storage Presents Significant Risks Storage locations can leak CO2, as they are often sited near fossil fuel reservoirs. There, oil and gas wellbores provide a pathway for CO2 to escape to the surface. Those storage leaks could contaminate groundwater and soil.
Depth ? The CO2 storage zone needs to be located at a sufficient depth and pressure so that CO2 can be injected as a supercritical fluid. Supercritical CO2 is dense and behaves more like a liquid than a gas, allowing for storage of higher concentrations of CO2 by volume.
The economic viability of CCS for the oil and gas sector continues to rely heavily on federal and provincial government financial support. This is in contrast to renewable technologies, which have generally required government subsidies only in the initial development phases.
CCS involves the capture of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from industrial processes, such as steel and cement production, or from the burning of fossil fuels in power generation. This carbon is then transported from where it was produced, via ship or in a pipeline, and stored deep underground in geological formations.
The cost of CO2 avoided (all figures in USD) ranges from $21.5/tonne for gas processing and bio-ethanol production, around $78/tonne for coal-fired power generation, $89/tonne for gas-fired power generation and up to $124/tonne for cement production.