Leveraged recapitalizations have a similar structure to that employed in leveraged buyouts (LBO), to the extent that they significantly increase financial leverage. But unlike LBOs, they may remain publicly traded.
Recapitalization is the restructuring of a company's debt and equity ratio. The purpose of recapitalization is to stabilize a company's capital structure. Some of the reasons a company may consider recapitalization include a drop in its share price, to defend against a hostile takeover, or bankruptcy.
Reasons for Recapitalization Under this scenario, the main goal is to prevent a further decline in the stock price. The company will issue debt to repurchase its shares and the supply-demand forces will, hopefully, push the stock price up.
Recapitalization can refer to the creation of common and preferred stock. Preferred stock has dividend and liquidation priority over common stock. In other words, the owner of preferred stock has a greater degree of security than the owner of common stock.
In an acquisition, the property is new to both sponsor and investor. In a recap, the sponsor already owns the property and is attempting to replace the existing capital structure with a new one using new debt (probably) and new investor finance.
Leveraged recapitalization, leveraged buyouts, nationalization, and equity recapitalization are various types of recapitalization. One may also use this process as an opening route in private equity.