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The primary purpose of the polygraph test in security screening is to identify individuals who present serious threats to national security. To put this in the language of diagnostic testing, the goal is to reduce to a minimum the number of false negative cases (serious security risks who pass the diagnostic screen).
First and foremost, you must understand that your polygraph "test" is actually an interrogation. Your mild-mannered polygrapher is a trained interrogator, and his main objective is to extract damaging admissions from you.
Under California law, a polygraph test is not admissible in court unless all parties agree to admit it into evidence.
Lie detector results are not admissible in Iowa Courts because they are not reliable. If a lie detector is not good enough for the court, it should not be good enough for you.
While there is no specific legislation in place regulating the use of polygraph tests, an employer can ask an employee to take one, but it must be voluntary (we'll go into more detail just now). However, no one can be forced to undergo a lie detector test, as it is against the Constitution.
Occasionally, a suspect will ask to take a test in order to establish his innocence. You are never under any legal obligation to take a lie detector test in a criminal investigation. Even if police tell you the test is mandatory or they threaten you with arrest if you refuse to take one, you don't have to.
No matter what tactics the police use against you, you are fully within your rights to refuse a polygraph test at any stage of the criminal justice process. If you ever find yourself in one of those dimly lit rooms, you should politely decline to participate until you've discussed the matter with a qualified attorney.
Field studies of polygraph testing are plagued by selection and measurement biases, such as the inclusion of tests carried out by examiners with knowledge of the evidence and of cases whose outcomes are affected by the examination. In addition, they frequently lack a clear and independent determination of truth.
Polygraph test cannot be administered without obtaining the written consent of the accused person to whom it is to be administered, the Karnataka High Court ruled (Virendra Khanna v. State of Karnataka).
The examiner asks subjects whether they committed the crime. If they answer no and the test indicates truthfulness, these results can be given to the prosecutor in the hopes of getting the case dismissed. If the polygraph indicates the subject is being untruthful, then the test and the results are kept secret.