Georgia Merchant's Objection to Additional Term

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Control #:
US-02465BG
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Description

Unless it is expressly specified that an offer to buy or sell goods must be accepted just as made, the offeree may accept an offer and at the same time propose an additional term. This is contrary to general contract law. Under general contract law, the proposed additional term would be considered a counteroffer and the original offer would be rejected. Under Article 2 of the UCC, the new term does not reject the original offer. A contract arises on the terms of the original offer, and the new term is a counteroffer. The new term does not become binding until accepted by the original offeror. If, however, the offer states that it must be accepted exactly as made, the ordinary contract law rules apply.

In a transaction between merchants, the additional term becomes part of the contract if that term does not materially alter the offer and no objection is made to it. However, if such an additional term from the seller operates solely to the seller’s advantage, it is a material term and must be accepted by the buyer to be effective. A buyer may expressly or by conduct agree to a term added by the seller to the acceptance of the buyer‘s offer. The buyer may agree orally or in writing to the additional term. There is an acceptance by conduct if the buyer accepts the goods with knowledge that the term has been added by the seller.

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FAQ

Held to a higher standard of conduct than a non merchant. The UCC imposes a much higher standard of this on merchants. For non merchants, this means honesty in fact and for merchants, it means honesty in fact plus the exercise of reasonable commercial standards of fair dealing.

A person or entity engaged in the business of making, purchasing, and selling goods and services, which, under the law, is deemed to have a certain expertise and knowledge and as such is held to a higher duty of care standard than a nonmerchant.

The UCC assumes that merchants should be held to particular standards because they are more experienced and have or should have special knowledge. Rules applicable to professionals ought not apply to the casual or inexperienced buyer or seller.

In most situations, the U.C.C. holds merchants to a higher standard. Under the U.C.C., a merchant is one who regularly deals in goods of the kind. For example, if your neighbor sells his car through an advertisement in the classifieds, he or she would not be considered a merchant.

Statute of frauds: Main exceptions ?Merchant's Exception? (UCC 2-201 (2)): If you and your Buyer are both merchants*, and you sent him something in writing memorializing the oral agreement (some courts consider detailed invoices sufficient), and he did not object, the oral contract is enforceable.

Under Georgia's Uniform Commercial Code, O.C.G.A. § 11-2-314(1), a warranty that the goods shall be merchantable is implied in a contract for the goods' sale if the seller is a merchant with respect to goods of that kind. That warranty protects consumers from defects or conditions existing at the time of sale.

The UCC provides merchants with rules that facilitate their business needs. For example, contract formation is more informal and flexible than under the common law. However, the UCC often holds merchants to a higher standard of conduct than non-merchants.

Code § 11-2A-212. Section 11-2A-212 - Implied warranty of merchantability (1) Except in a finance lease, a warranty that the goods will be merchantable is implied in a lease contract if the lessor is a merchant with respect to goods of that kind.

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Georgia Merchant's Objection to Additional Term