California Gas Storage Agreement and Lease (Surface and Underground) The California Gas Storage Agreement and Lease is a legal contract that governs the storage and leasing of gas in California. This agreement outlines the terms and conditions that both the gas storage provider and lessee must adhere to throughout the duration of the agreement. Conducting business in compliance with California's strict environmental regulations, this agreement is crucial for all parties involved in underground and surface gas storage activities. It aims to ensure the safe and efficient storage and extraction of natural gas, minimizing environmental impact and guaranteeing the continued availability of gas supplies to meet the state's energy demands. There are several types of California Gas Storage Agreement and Lease depending on the specific storage type and location: 1. Underground Gas Storage Agreement and Lease: This type of agreement applies to the storage of gas in underground reservoirs such as depleted oil or gas fields, aquifers, or salt caverns. It outlines the rights and responsibilities of the storage provider and lessee in terms of injection, extraction, and monitoring procedures, as well as safety protocols and environmental compliance. 2. Surface Gas Storage Agreement and Lease: This agreement pertains to the storage of gas in surface facilities, such as above-ground storage tanks or containers. Surface gas storage is typically used for smaller-scale operations or temporary storage needs. It includes provisions for gas handling, inventory management, safety measures, and maintenance responsibilities. 3. Natural Gas Liquids (NFL) Storage Agreement and Lease: This variation of the gas storage agreement specifically relates to the storage of natural gas liquids, which are hydrocarbons that remain in a liquid state under standard temperature and pressure conditions. GLS include gases such as propane, butane, and ethane. The NFL storage agreement outlines the storage capacity, terms of delivery and extraction, liability, and monitoring and testing requirements. The California Gas Storage Agreement and Lease cover various important aspects, such as pricing mechanisms, termination clauses, liability and indemnification, force majeure provisions, insurance requirements, and dispute resolution procedures. These agreements play a vital role in creating a stable and regulated gas storage market, ensuring the reliability and security of energy supplies in the state of California.
California Gas Storage Agreement and Lease (Surface and Underground)
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FAQ
Salt caverns are ideal for gas storage because the salt is impermeable, so the gas cannot escape. This proven technology, which is widely used for propane, natural gas, compressed air and other products, uses brine injection and removal to control propane inflow and outflow from the sealed, pressurized cavern.
It is most commonly held in inventory underground under pressure in three types of facilities. These underground facilities are depleted reservoirs in oil and/or natural gas fields, aquifers, and salt cavern formations.
Depleted natural gas or oil fields function as gas storage reservoirs in California. Natural gas is injected into the storage reservoirs through gas storage wells and stored until withdrawn for use. There are 12 underground natural gas storage fields in the state.
Natural gas is stored in large volumes in underground facilities and in smaller volumes in tanks above or below ground.
Compression is needed to prepare the working and cushion gases for underground storage. After compression, H2 and NG are injected into the subsurface through injection wells. Two gases are injected into this system: working gas and cushion gas. The working gas is H2/NG.
Unlike underground facilities where the gas is injected in its current state, above ground storage facilities use a process called liquefaction to chill the gas until it changes to liquid.
There are three principal types ? depleted gas reservoirs, aquifer reservoirs and salt cavern reservoirs. Each of these types has distinct physical and economic characteristics which govern the suitability of a particular type of storage type for a given application.