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An irrevocable grantor trust can own S corporation stock if it meets IRS regulations. The trust must contain language stating that all the ordinary income the trust earns along with the original trust assets are owned by the trust grantor.
Specifically, S corporation shareholders must be individuals, specific trusts and estates, or certain tax-exempt organizations (501(c)(3)). Partnerships, corporations, and nonresident aliens cannot qualify as eligible shareholders.
For example, if a trust is a grantor trust to one individual, it is eligible as an S corporation shareholder, even though it is irrevocable (rather than revocable).
Three commonly used types of ongoing trusts qualify as S corporation shareholders: grantor trusts, qualified subchapter S trusts (QSSTs) and electing small business trusts (ESBTs).
An irrevocable grantor trust can own S corporation stock if it meets IRS regulations. The trust must contain language stating that all the ordinary income the trust earns along with the original trust assets are owned by the trust grantor.
Testamentary trusts. These trusts, which are established by your will, are eligible S corporation shareholders for up to two years after the transfer and then must either distribute the stock to an eligible shareholder or qualify as a QSST or ESBT.
As an initial matter, as long as the business owner is living, his or her revocable trust is treated as a grantor trust for income tax purposes, and as such, is an eligible S corporation shareholder.
The main difference between an ESBT and a QSST is that an ESBT may have multiple income beneficiaries, and the trust does not have to distribute all income. Unlike with the QSST, the trustee, rather than the beneficiary, must make the election.
A Qualified Subchapter S Trust, commonly referred to as a QSST Election, or a Q-Sub election, is a Qualified Subchapter S Subsidiary Election made on behalf of a trust that retains ownership as the shareholder of an S corporation, a corporation in the United States which votes to be taxed.