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The horizontal gaze nystagmus test is a type of field sobriety test used to measure nystagmus, which is the medical term for an involuntary jerking of the eyeballs. Nystagmus can occur for many reasons, but becomes more pronounced when someone is intoxicated.
The first standardized field sobriety test that officers rely on during a DUI investigation is the HGN, or the Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus test. Nystagmus refers to the involuntary jerking of the eyeballs. The jerking becomes more pronounced when someone is intoxicated by alcohol or certain drugs.
Clues: Lack of smooth pursuit in left eye. Lack of smooth pursuit in right eye. Distinct and sustained nystagmus at maximum deviation in left eye. Distinct and sustained nystagmus at maximum deviation in right eye. Onset of nystagmus prior to 45 degrees in left eye. Onset of nystagmus prior to 45 degrees in right eye.
Each clue of the six clues in the HGN test has two passes plus the two passes of the preliminary check for equal tracking resulting in the total of 14 passes for a HGN test.
HGN Cues/Clues of Intoxication There are a total of three clues that can be assessed in this test: lack of smooth pursuit, distinct nystagmus at maximum deviation, and the onset of nystagmus prior to 45 degrees. Each eye is scored independently for three clues in each eye giving a total of six indicators/cues.