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Dismissal Without Prejudice For example, if a person beats another person very severely, the prosecutor may file assault charges against the aggressor. If the victim later dies, the prosecutor may want to drop the assault charges in favor of a murder charge.
Only a judge or a prosecutor can decide if a case gets dismissed. Prosecutors can drop charges against someone, or a judge can rule that a case be thrown out after the defendant makes a motion to dismiss.
Likewise, a judge can dismiss the case if they find no legal basis for the charge, if the defendant's rights have been violated, or if the state has failed to prove its case. Judges can dismiss a case either on their own motion or on the motion of the defendant.
These include dismissals for: (b)(1) a lack of subject-matter jurisdiction. (b)(2) a lack of personal jurisdiction. (b)(3) improper venue.
3 Time for Motion and Ruling. A motion to dismiss must be: (a) filed within 60 days after the first pleading containing the challenged cause of action is served on the movant; (b) filed at least 21 days before the motion is heard; and (c) granted or denied within 45 days after the motion is filed.