Irrational numbers are not closed under addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
Tanu: Rational numbers are NOT closed under division because dividing any number by zero is undefined.
The closure property of rational numbers states that when any two rational numbers are added, subtracted, or multiplied, the result of all three cases will also be a rational number.
The closure property states that for any two rational numbers a and b, a + b is also a rational number. The result is a rational number. So we say that rational numbers are closed under addition.
In addition, we have proved that even the set of irrationals also is neither open nor closed.
Conclusion. It is evident that rational numbers can be expressed both in fraction form and decimals. An irrational number, on the other hand, can only be expressed in decimals and not in a fraction form. Moreover, all the integers are rational numbers, but all the non-integers are not irrational numbers.
Lesson Summary OperationNatural numbersIrrational numbers Addition Closed Not closed Subtraction Not closed Not closed Multiplication Closed Not closed Division Not closed Not closed
Closure property of rational numbers under subtraction: The difference between any two rational numbers will always be a rational number, i.e. if a and b are any two rational numbers, a – b will be a rational number.
The closure property of addition states that when any two elements of a set are added, their sum will also be present in that set. The closure property formula for addition for a given set S is: ∀ a, b ∈ S ⇒ a + b ∈ S.