Filing a lawsuit against an HOA is typically done in small claims court. The first step is to determine how much compensation is required. Small claims is bound by a limit for damages, and any cases seeking damages above this amount must either waive the excess or file in regular court instead.
Follow the HOA's Complaint Procedure Most HOAs have a formal complaint procedure that you must follow before taking legal action. This procedure may require you to submit your complaint in writing and provide supporting evidence. It may also require you to attend a hearing or meeting to present your case.
Negligence occurs when an HOA fails to meet its standard of care in managing and maintaining the community, potentially leading to property damage, decreased home values, and safety risks.
HOAs are usually governed by a board of directors or governors that is elected by the homeowners to make decisions about the HOA and enforce its rules. Most HOAs in California are set up as nonprofit mutual benefit corporations, but some may be structured differently.
In 2024, the California legislature passed an amendment that allowed online elections to be held within HOAs. It recognized that this could open the door to digital vote manipulation within the HOA's management, though, so the state mandated that each HOA election needed to have an independent inspector of elections.
Laws always supersede governing documents IF they conflict and the law applies to your HOA. In California, the Davis-Stirling Act may take precedent over general corporation codes because it's specific to HOAs.
An HOA has the authority to enforce the rules and regulations of the community using the community rules, or “bylaws and covenants.” These rules are considered “agreed upon” since homeowners approve them through board-elected representatives.
The local law supersedes the rules and regulations of the HOA, meaning that HOAs must ensure they are operating under the law.