If someone writes for publication a defamatory statement (a statement in which a person's reputation is seriously damaged), and that statement is false, and that person is identified in print, even without a name, then libel charges can be brought.
The two types of Defamation are verbal (slander) and written (libel.) The requirements to prove each and to show damages for each differ markedly. This article shall outline the basic requirements to prove each and the particular problems that arise when one alleges these causes of action.
Example of Defamation: “This restaurant uses rotten meat in its dishes.” If this statement is false, it's defamatory because it asserts harmful false statement of fact. Understanding the nature of the statement—opinion versus fact—is critical and typically requires a sophisticated, state specific, legal analysis.
(1) "Libel" means a malicious defamation, expressed either by printing or by signs or pictures or the like, tending to blacken the memory of one who is dead, or to impeach the honesty, integrity, virtue or reputation, or publish the natural defects of one who is alive, and thereby to expose him to public hatred, ...
Utah Criminal Code § 76-5-106. Harassment. (1) A person is guilty of harassment if, with intent to frighten or harass another, he communicates a written or recorded threat to commit any violent felony.
Associated Press's definition of libel: Any accusation that a member of society has violated common standards of ethical behavior can lead to a libel suit. In short, libel is publication of false information about a person that causes injury to that person's reputation.
Currently, there are 13 states that have criminal libel laws on the books that can still be enforced. Still, prosecution for this crime is extremely rare, and jail time being handed down is even rarer.
76-9-404. Criminal defamation. (1) A person is guilty of criminal defamation if he knowingly communicates to any person orally or in writing any information which he knows to be false and knows will tend to expose any other living person to public hatred, contempt, or ridicule.