Texas Partition Agreement With Japan In Harris
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Townsend Harris negotiated the "Treaty of Amity and Commerce" (painted in 1855 by James Bogle). The Convention of Kanagawa mediated by Commodore Perry was a primary step to a rather forced extension of American influence in Japan.
Negotiated by Townsend Harris, first U.S. consul to Japan, it provided for the opening of five ports to U.S. trade, in addition to those opened in 1854 as a result of the Treaty of Kanagawa; it also exempted U.S. citizens living in the ports from the jurisdiction of Japanese law, guaranteed them religious freedom, and ...
The U.S.-Japan treaty of 1951 was negotiated by John Foster Dulles and Mr. Shigeru Yoshida, Prime Minister Yoshida, an extraordinary gentleman who was five times Prime Minister of Japan, a man who spoke flawless English.
In July 1856, Townsend Harris became the first American diplomat to serve as the Consul General to Japan in Shimoda. Harris was sent to Japan to conclude The Treaty of Amity and Commerce.
In addition to Shimoda and Hakodate, which already traded with the U.S., the Harris Treaty opened new ports to U.S. trade, granted U.S. citizens extraterritorial rights (exempting them from the jurisdiction of Japanese law), and permitted Americans their religious freedom.
American diplomats Benjamin Franklin, Silas Deane, and Arthur Lee negotiated in France on behalf of the American Colonies. The treaty is written in both English and French.
The Treaty was a considerable triumph for Townsend Harris, but it was certainly an 'unequal treaty', not only because of its extraterritorial provisions, but also because of the limits it imposed on Japan in the conduct of trade.
The United States and Japan signed their first true commercial treaty, sometimes called the Harris Treaty, in 1858. The European powers soon followed the U.S. example and drew up their own treaties with Japan.