Everyone has a PFO at birth. It is a normal part of the circulation of a fetus. But, in most infants, this small hole naturally closes very soon after birth. But in some cases, it does not.
Procedures to close a patent foramen ovale include: Device closure. In this procedure, the provider inserts a thin, flexible tube called a catheter into a blood vessel in the groin area. The catheter tip has a device to plug the PFO .
Most PFOs don't need to be closed. Most PFOs cause no symptoms or complications. Larger PFOs may cause stroke. People with symptomatic or large PFOs may benefit from a procedure to close the hole.
A healthcare provider may recommend a PFO closure procedure if: You've had a transient ischemic attack (TIA) more than once. You've had cryptogenic (from an unknown cause) strokes more than once. You have a low level of oxygen in your blood.
The opening is supposed to close soon after birth, but sometimes it does not. In about 1 out of 4 people, the opening never closes. If it does not close, it is called a PFO. The cause of a PFO is unknown.
Possible Complications Some people may have a condition shortness of breath and low arterial blood oxygen levels when sitting or standing. This is called platypnea-orthodeoxia. This is rare. Rarely, people with PFOs may have a higher rate of a certain type of stroke (called paradoxical thromboembolic stroke).
The foramen ovale usually closes 6 months to a year after the baby's birth.
For small PFOs without associated interatrial septal aneurysm, the 25-mm size Cribriform, PFO occluder, or Helex is preferred. Using devices smaller than 25 mm in adults is not required and may increase the risk for device embolization.
This condition is not treated unless there are other heart problems, symptoms, or if the person had a stroke caused by a blood clot to the brain. Treatment most often requires a procedure called cardiac catheterization, which is performed by a trained cardiologist to permanently seal the PFO.
Everyone has a PFO at birth. It is a normal part of the circulation of a fetus. But, in most infants, this small hole naturally closes very soon after birth. But in some cases, it does not.