This “State of the Union” speech, a tradition that continues to this day, usually occurs in January or February each year. The president also has the power, in extreme cases, to call both the House of Representatives and the Senate together for a special session.
Only the President may call Congress into special session. The President can call Congress or either of its houses into a special session. The Senate: to consider treaties or presidential appointments.
In other cases, a special session may be convened to address special topics, or emergencies such as war or natural disaster. Who calls a special session varies – by vote of the legislature during regular session, by the executive, or by the legislature's speaker or presiding officer.
The President has the power, under Article II, Section 3 of the Constitution, to call a special session of the Congress during the current adjournment, in which the Congress now stands adjourned until January 2, 1948, unless in the meantime the President pro tempore of the Senate, the Speaker, and the majority leaders ...
House speaker and Senate president pro tempore may call a special session upon receiving a joint written request of at least 60 percent of the members of each chamber.
Common reasons for a governor to call a special session include responding to economic downturns or other fiscal problems; federal legislation; disasters; and war. Some special sessions addressed more than one of these issues.
The power to call a special session by the Governor is set forth in the California Constitution, in Article IV, Section 3(b). This provision states: “(b) On extraordinary occasions the Governor by proclamation may cause the Legislature to assemble in special session.