The company follows the rules prescribed by Companies Act 2013 while issuing the shares. Issue of Prospectus, Receiving Applications, Allotment of Shares are three basic steps of the procedure of issuing the shares. The process of creating new shares is known as Allocation or allotment.
Equity shares with differential voting rights (DVRs) are the kind of shares issued by a company that offers shareholders varying levels of the voting power. This means that some shareholders have more voting power than others and this can significantly impact the control and decision-making capabilities of the company.
Shares issued with differential rights shall not exceed 74% of the total voting power, including voting power in respect of equity shares with differential rights issued at any point of time.
Disadvantages Of DVR Shares are as follows: Lower voting rights, reducing influence in company decisions. Potentially less liquid, making them harder to sell. May be viewed as less attractive to certain investors who value voting power.
Example scenario A Tata Motor DVR has 10% voting rights compared to an ordinary Tata Motor share. (1 voting right per share.) (1 voting right for every 10 shares held.)
Ing to the Companies Act, 2013, companies limited by shares can issue DVRs, but it will be as a part of the company's share capital. Ideally shares with differential voting rights are considered to be a robust means of raising capital without giving up control over the company.
The company/startup should pass an Ordinary Resolution for the issuance of DVRs in the General Meeting of the shareholders. The voting power of DVRs equity shares should not exceed 74% of the total voting powers. There should be no default in filing the annual returns by the startups for the past three financial years.
Lack of liquidity: Since unlisted shares cannot be traded on exchanges, they are more difficult to sell and are, hence, less liquid. Limited disclosures: Unlisted companies have less stringent disclosure requirements compared to listed companies. Investors must perform thorough due diligence before investing.
Digital Video Recorders (DVR) disadvantages include: Requires local wiring and connectivity. Installation can be complex with multiple cameras and locations. Separate power supply required. Not suitable for use with IP camera.
Procedure: Alteration in Articles of Association of the Company. Convene a Meeting of Board of Directors for Approving the Issue of Equity Shares with Differential Rights. Convene Extra Ordinary General Meeting. Filing Form MGT-14 with ROC. Filing of Form PAS-3 with the Registrar of Companies: