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Make edits, fill in missing information, and update formatting in US Legal Forms—just like you would in MS Word.

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If this form requires notarization, complete it online through a secure video call—no need to meet a notary in person or wait for an appointment.

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If you were born with a hole in your heart that never closed, known as a patent foramen ovale (PFO), you may need a procedure to correct it. Penn Medicine cardiologists use interventional techniques to close a patent foramen ovale without opening your chest for surgery.
How is patent foramen ovale treated? Antiplatelet medicines such as aspirin, to help prevent blood clots. Anticoagulant medicines such as warfarin, to help prevent blood clots. Closure of the PFO with a catheter-based procedure. Closure of the PFO during heart surgery.
People who do not respond to medication may need a minimally invasive, catheter-based procedure. Your interventional cardiologist closes the PFO with a small closure device. This is done in a cardiac catheterization (cath) laboratory.
Treatment most often requires a procedure called cardiac catheterization, which is performed by a trained cardiologist to permanently seal the PFO.
If you have a patent foramen ovale and had a stroke, your provider may refer you to a doctor trained in brain and nervous system conditions. This type of provider is called a neurologist.
Your healthcare provider may also repair the PFO by transcatheter repair or heart surgery. A transcatheter repair is less invasive than a surgical repair.
A healthcare provider may recommend a PFO closure procedure if: You've had a transient ischemic attack (TIA) more than once. You've had cryptogenic (from an unknown cause) strokes more than once. You have a low level of oxygen in your blood.
If a PFO exists, a little blood can flow between the atria. A robotic-assisted patent foramen ovale repair is a type of minimally invasive surgery. Minimally invasive means that the surgery uses smaller cuts (incisions) than a traditional open heart surgery. Recovery may be easier and faster.