The message containing the Apple ID verification code is designed solely as a security measure to keep out unauthorized users from your Apple ID. From what I am seeing it appears that some, or something, is entering your Apple ID and Password ( The correct Apple ID and Password for your Apple account mind you).
Apple does this to make sure it is you signing into your account and protect your privacy and security when there have been changes, or when it has been a while since you last logged in.
Use Apple's Find My app to see a list of devices associated with the ID. Investigate any that are unfamiliar. Check the Apple ID account for unfamiliar phone numbers. Review the Mail and Calendar apps for unknown accounts.
Make sure your Apple ID is secure Only you should have access to your Apple ID. Anyone who has it can take over your Apple devices, view all content in iCloud, make purchases in the App Store or iTunes Store, and even use the “Find My” app to locate you and your devices.
Taking Apple to Small Claims Court Step-by-Step Figure Out Whether Your Claim Qualifies for Small Claims Court. Send Apple Your Demand Letter. Fill Out Your Court Forms. File Your Complaint With Your Court. “Serve” Your Forms to Apple. Show Up for Your Hearing.
Apple Services Purchases On your iPhone, open the Wallet app and tap Apple Card. Scroll down and tap the transaction that you want to report. Tap the transaction again, then tap Report an Issue. Tap "I need help from Apple with this transaction." Continue depending on the type of issue that you want to report:
This is an authentic notification. It is informing the user that there has been another device set up using the same Apple ID. It sends an alert to all other devices, to approve your ID being used on the new device.
Check your Apple ID device list and remove unrecognized devices. If you believe someone else has logged in to your Apple account, you should look at all devices that are signed in. If someone has used your Apple ID on another device, remove it from your account.
When two-factor authentication is turned on and a sign-in attempt occurs on a new device, you get a notification on your other trusted devices. The notification includes a map that shows the new device's location. This notification can appear on any trusted iPhone, iPad, or Mac.
But why is the location shown different to my own location? The reason your other device shows some strange location in the pop-up message is that the location shown is not actually your device's location. It is an approximation of the address of your device's 'IP Address'.